Documentary maker answers your questions:
CNN correspondent David McKenzie traveled into the heart of the Ivory Coast to investigate children working in the cocoa fields. His documentary "Chocolate's Child Slaves, premiers Friday January 20, 9 CET on CNN International. David is answering your questions from the comments section here:
Martha Johnson asks “What is the motivation of this documentary?”
Thanks Martha. The documentary is based on a simple premise. Ten years after chocolate companies promised to end child slavery and child labor in the cocoa plantations of West Africa, have they kept that promise? It’s about keeping them honest and holding them to their promises. We traveled into the cocoa fields to find the truth. And I think the truth is shocking and the promises have not been kept. As part of our Freedom Project initiative, CNN is investigating the scourge of modern day slavery wherever it exists.
Chima Etochukwu asks, “Why is almost every thing [the media report] about Africa on war and slavery?”
I hear what you are saying Chima. My take is this: if children are being exploited, particularly children who end up working on farms that supply some of the world’s most profitable brands, then we are compelled to tell that story. However, what you say isn’t the case with CNN’s programming on Africa. Every week we have three shows that highlight Africa. In African Voices we interview influential personalities, on Inside Africa we tell a wide breadth of stories from all over the continent, and on Marketplace Africa we have tapped into the amazing business stories coming out of an increasingly vital cog in the world economy. Finally, our nightly business show Global Exchange focuses on the growing importance of emerging markets. Take a look at some of these shows. I would love to hear what you think!
Bloom Angel asks, “There are so many kids in this condition and we cant do anything, where is government?”
Hi Bloom. I think there is always something you can do. Every change starts with a single person. If you want to do something about it, then contact chocolate companies, or lawmakers, or just continue the discussion with your friends. Most activists I have spoken to – and what I have learnt from our reporting – lead me to believe that the government of Ivory Coast hasn’t done nearly enough to fix this issue. Politics and recent history does play into it. Since 2002, the government in Ivory Coast (or Cote d’Ivoire in French) has been crippled by a series of political crises. But consider this, in 2011, one of the more violent years in the country’s recent past, cocoa production was up by 25 percent. If they can get cocoa to market, then they can get people into the farms to spread the message. The new government has pledged to reform the cocoa industry, but it wouldn’t be the first time this has been promised.
Pradeepa Jeeva asks, “Which companies in America use this chocolate for their products?”
That’s a great question Pradeepa. And the answer is interesting and complex. All the major companies globally source cocoa from West Africa. So pretty much any famous brand you can think of uses cocoa from Ivory Coast. Very few chocolate companies can trace where exactly their cocoa comes from and whether child slavery has been used in its production. As an example, Nestle told CNN that they can only trace 20 percent of their cocoa supply (that is why they have sent a team to investigate their supply chain). Only a few Fair Trade chocolate brands can confidently say that no trafficked children are used on their farms.
Tamakloe John Onyx asks, "Child labour is as evil as a slave trade. I'm against it but who will care for these children to live a comfortable life if those jobs are abolished?"
It's a good point Tamakloe. But it's important to note that these children aren't working in jobs. The ones we met weren’t paid for their work and they weren’t given a proper place to stay or an education. UNICEF says that two hundred thousand children are working in the farms of Ivory Coast. Most of those are working in terrible conditions, and many are trafficked across the border to get there. But you raise a good point. Ultimately it is important that schools are built for the children so they have an opportunity to learn, not to just work.
Joanne Lee asks, "Should we still continue to support the chocolate industry? What should we do to end child slavery, but these kids to school?
Hi Joanne. The consumer certainly holds a lot of power. If everyone demanded that all chocolate is fair trade, then the industry would do more to stop child trafficking. But, as I am sure you can imagine, that is probably not going to happen. So the best thing, I think, is to start a conversation about the issue. The children we met have never eaten chocolate. They don’t even know what cocoa is for. If word gets out on the conditions, then I think change will happen faster. A great place to talk and find out about these issues is on this blog.
@LiveTheNoise asks "Is buying fair trade the only way to fight this? What are other ways that you've seen? #EndSlavery
There are many ways to get involved. One way is to buy fair trade chocolate. But fair trade is only a tiny percentage of the chocolate industry’s output. And in many countries, for example here in Kenya, it can be very hard to find it. One way would be to contact companies and ask them to supply more fair trade chocolate to your market. But I really do think it is about a mindset. I think if people know about what is going on to children like Yacou and Abdul, then the change can be possible.
Dorna Dorin asks, "What’s happening is really terrible, why can’t the government increase their export charges, so that the farmers are paid better?
Cocoa is a commodity, the price is set on the world markets. Your suggestion might be a good one, but I think ultimately the answer would be to somehow move the value of the cocoa towards the farmers on the ground. The Ivory Coast government sets the price of cocoa for farmers, they have promised to reform the trade in their country. Many of the farmers we met, however, get paid even less by the middlemen. Ultimately, if people were willing to pay a little more or if the companies and government were willing to earn a little less and pass it onto farmers, then I think change could happen.
Anne Kukali asks, “Why are parents of kids working in factory not prosecuted for being irresponsible? Should factory owners or employers be tried at the Hague in the Netherlands?”
Hi Anne, that is a very good question for two reasons. First, Ivory Coast officials told us that they have new stricter laws to prosecute traffickers and people using children on their farms, but even they admit that very few of them are being prosecuted. The United Nations told us the same thing. Unfortunately, laws have little effect if they aren’t enforced. Second, slavery is illegal under international law, so technically cases could be brought at an international court. But most people believe that the ultimate answer is to fix the system rather than punish the perpetrators.
Lani Galang asks, “How long has this child slavery been going on?”
Hi Lani, the trade from Ivory Coast has been going on for a long time. In the 1980s it expanded rapidly and the then government encouraged workers from neighboring countries to work on the plantations. I can't tell you exactly when child slavery became a major issue. But at the turn of the millennium news reports surfaced about exploitation in the Ivory Coast and that's what pushed chocolate companies to sign the Harkin Engel protocol that promised to end the practice. So to see slaves still working on the farms was particularly tragic.
Carmen Schuett writes: We have children working with parents on farms, in the family business here in the west- how do you encourage a family to maintain their livelihood and force restrictions on them while trying to stop the trafficking of children? The families that have chosen to keep their children with them will try to meet the requirements while the traffickers will always break the law? Family farms who make their livelihood from coffee have also received a backlash because of ‘fair trade restrictions.’”
Hello Carmen, that's true, children work and help out on farms all over the world. What the UN, International Labor Organization, and other groups focus on are 'the worst forms of child labor'. You can find the definition online, but basically it entails children doing dangerous work at a young age (like using machetes and pesticides). We found evidence of this in the Ivory Coast. In some places in Africa they have figured out a way to schedule school around harvest time or evening school after farm work.
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How long have this child slavery been going on and what are the measures taken by both the authorities in Ivory Coast and the major chocolate companies to stop these practices?
Child slavery is a traversty- but if children are working with their parents and the parents have no other options- what options are we providing them from our comfort in the west? We have children working with parents on farms, in the family business here in the west- how do you encourage a family to maintain their livilihood and force restrictions on them while trying to stop the trafficking of children? The families that have chosen to keep their children with them will try to meet the requirements while the traffickers will always break the law? Family farms who make their livelihood from coffee have also received a backlash because of "fairtrade restrictions" .
How can we contribute to this project?
Unfortunately the "fair trade" chocolate is sold by small niche distributors and the cost is at least $1 oz, about 3x more than a large chocolate maker charges and unaffordable for most people.
JC, and what is the life of a child worth, to you? Chocolate is a luxury commodity. I don't understand the argument that 'Fair-Trade' choc is so much more expensive. Your £££ is more important than human lives?
What if you forego your usual choc fix, save the money, and buy Fair-trade chocolate for a special occasion? Contrary to popular jargon, there is nothing 'addictive' about chocolate. If you make it special, and treat it as the luxury item it is, you can stop putting your wallet ahead of the lives of others. It's a win/win, and balances ethics into the equation.
They're Baker's Real Semi-Sweet chocolate cknuhs (12 oz.). $2.69 at C-Town. That's cheaper than Toll House and Ghirardelli. I like the cknuhs better than the chips anyway.
I wholly apauld your campaign to attack child slave labor being used in the elaboration of a product. I would question however your strategy. At the end of the day who needs to control local problems is local government. Perhaps pressure by developed nations to boycott products produced under these conditions would be more productive. Let's put pressure on our politicians to take a stand in this case. Keep up the good work.
Hello, My opinion is that you at cnn, by doing this, will just raise the price on chocolate, but you at cnn make a lot of money and will still be able to buy chocolate, Where in the future people like me won't be able to buy it anymore.
The affordability of chocolate seems like a minor issue compared to slavery. The American Civil War probably drove up the price of cotton, too, but it needed to happen.
Let me get this straight. A war was needed to end slavery in a country where slavery was slowing dying out and would have been probably done away with in another 20 to 30 years. So thousands had to die to bring an end to something that was dying anyway. Where is the logic of that kind of thinking?
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I am appalled by some comments on this site from people who worry about the affordability of chocolate and how it will be hard for them to acquire it if prices go up. It is absurd that human beings can think in such selfish way worrying only about themselves and disregarding another human life. Please people, can we stop thinking only about ourselves for once??? Slavery in this century??? Lives being taken away!!! I was a chocolate lover/addict until I saw this report. I am not spending a single penny on chocolate until this situation gets resolved. I want to do more about this issue and help out as much as I can.
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Countries like cote d'ivoire have committed to end the worst forms of child labour by 2016 so no the industry goal of reducing it by 70 per cent s not enough !
It is terrible how the politicians of Africa keep on closing their eyes in front of the truth oh so well known to the world. How can we, the people from other continents help those kids, when their own turn their backs on them?
It's global markets, not lax governments, that are responsible for slavery. If by our purchasing choices, we vote for low prices over transparent supply, slavery will persist–the same way the drug trade flourishes despite violent government intervention.
What is Belgian or Swiss chocolate without the cocoa from Africa. The problem is not only for the big industries, it is the total lack of will by the government to enforce anti-slavery laws. The biggest exploitation is African leaders and governments. They have the opportunity to enforce the laws, they have the opportunity to insist and push for fair trade,. I'm sure when the participating companies open up, we will be dumbfounded about the amount of corruption that goes with the funds. The money, the help simply didn't get to the ground. This is a symptom of Africa's great falling -corruption.
The governments are corrupt. The manufacturers have no incentive to change. The dirt-poor people in West Africa are caught between evils, because they have no say whatsoever.
It is down to the consumers. We need to start educating ourselves as consumers. Teach your children. Record this programme and show it to your friends. Learn, and educate. Blaming others is too easy! If you are on the consumer end, you are part of the cycle. For the momentary pleasure in the mouth, is it worth this?
Becky the ILO revised it's figure regarding child labor in agriculture to 61 per cent in 2010 !
this child does not come from the Ivory Coast if he want to stop her keel parte Bourkina Faso what the gent who come with these children for work im from
And whats with the stupid excuses that it takes time to end the slavery? Those farmers are breaking dozens of domestic laws appart from keeping slaves. Why can't they start arresting them on those grounds for starters? And then develop a case for holding slaves.
Merima, It isn't quite as easy as that. The manufacturers would fight back. They have €€€€!
Chocolate companies should compensate this by opening schools for these trafficked children in Invory Coast and support their education until they complete high school. Only then, we can sense some justice is done.
What is SWITZERLAND doing about this problem? I live in Basel Switzerland and I have never seen chocolate marked, no child slave labor. I never heard of such a problem before! Thank you so much for the program Im watching on CNN. Richard Quest means business! GO GO GO GO! I want the African farmers to get a raise, this is so wrong it makes me mad.
Victoria, stay mad! Switzerland is profiting, as one of the high-end chocolate manufacturing and exporting countries, from this exploitation. Of course, the other end of the profit is the greedy, chocolate-stuffed faces around the world.
If you think your government is representative and not too corrupt, then it is down to you and other Swiss consumers and citizens, to start leaning on your government. See the video on the next page, for Swiss responses.
After seeing this attack on the chocolate producers and the letting off the hook the farmers and the governments of these countries where the coco is produced is a total sham. I think I will now go out and by more chocolate.
The Chocolate Companies should downward intergrate and form companies which will start the process of reaping the cocoa to ensure that no children are employeed and then plough back into the different socities by supporting needy children financially to go to school.
I agree with Robert Branden. Let us put pressure on our politicians to stop buying chocolate under this conditions. The local government then will be forced to do something about it. Local goverment rely on those funds from the free labor from these poor children. They will not do anything to stop it unless it affects the local government directly. Great work Mckanzie and CNN. Hopefully changes will be soon!
Mr McKenzie, there is 'cocoa butter' in cosmetics and hair-care products. Is it from the same plantations, and part of the same problem? Obviously, it is not subject to the laws governing foods. Should one assume products containing 'cocoa butter' are made by child-slave labour, unless it is clearly stated to the contrary, on the packaging?
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Even if those children are set free of slavery, who will take care of them?
And why are the people around the globe suddenly so surprised with the informations of children being abused as raw labour forse in cocoa plantations in Africa, when that is not the first the world has heard of slavery in the modern age. Have people forgotten the bloody diamonds of Siera Leone, where also children work in the mines to exploit them?
Yes, Arthur that is also one of the key questions, who would take care of those poor kids?
Hypothetically, if we stop eating chocolate and stop funding chocolate companies, what is next for these children ? Will they become slaves for another industry as they have to go somewhere and will easily be poached if they have no other option ? I think the focus should be on how we can provide food, shelter and education for these children in parallel to the push for cocoa slavery to end, so that they don't just move from one hell to another.
here is a solution!people who make those decisions that create slavery ,polution etc etc within those corporation ,if it is chocolate ,oil ,banks etc should be made personaly risponsible,and according to international law punished, i believe the law exist already, but many times those people are within gouvernement or have the power {money }to manipulate so nothing will happen we have seen it in U Sbanks ,oil spil ,clean energy and very recently with inside trading by members of U S gouvernement and so on ,the other way is to stop masively buying chocolate ,,i know it will hurt the poor in those countries but,you will see change, corporations will miss out on millions for a short time , change for thegood will ony happen from the people never from the top, history has shown this again and again
We still have to remember, they are using children to support themselves. I'm not Pro-Slavery, but we all have to use diffrent views, the US Government might feel like they need money, and reduce funds frm school, but we care about education, likewise, we have to see their point of view, they are supporting their lives with children. We have to find a compromise using their view.
The slow pace is obvious and understandable! The are profiting from child labour hence the slow pace at best.
Demand is too great for chocolate and employment/opportunity is too low in these African kleptocracies for things to change. There seems to be a pattern of these kleptocrats being supported and courted by foreign companies. Like with coltan, copper, rubber etc. cocoa is simply another glue that keeps this ugly marriage together. How can we change the way foreign companies exploit cheap child labor for cheap resources so that the "greedy company- kleptocrat" model is broken? Thank you for reporting on this issue, please do not stop!!
My TV provider does not carry CNN International. Where can I view this program?
Y can't v talk about not consuming chocolate. This might hit the industry n it might be compelled to do something. Denzil Gorakhpur India.
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It is important to put pressure on the governments to see that this child labor activity ends. They must do more to help it end.
are you sure that fontaine and mcquade are not paedophiles?
Its a farce going on in Africa and in part of India/SE Asia. The reality is without child labour in some form or other, all these supposedly "big" companies will end up nowhere, legislation and implementation and independent observer at ground zero is the only solution...
Thank you very much Amitava. I share your thought and think grass root action is need.
why do we spend so much in fighting wars than we can spend solving simple problems like child slavery. Lack of political will and selfishness on the part of the rich nations, the big industries and Greediness of the African Leaderships. shame to all of you
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Child slavery must be abolished , because children have the right to go to school , have a good education and succed one day. Ivorian authorities must sencitize parents about that.
It really denpeds on the type of chocolate. If it's milk chocolate, make some English toffee and then place broken up pieces on top while it's still hot. If it's dark, make chocolate chunk cookies, just replacing chips for pieces.
Dis is typical of d West's sensational negative reportage about Africa. D energy deployed on dis propaganda should have been directed into opening up these forests and providing specialised educational facilities closer to d affected children. UNICEF could be mobilised in dis regard.
why does Europeans n Americans got to worry about Africans dont they have their own issues to sort out, after all you the highest consumers of chocolate !here in africa children work for a living no school s hospitals n jobs for the parents to feed the children so if working for themselves is a better option let them be.
why does Europeans n Americans got to worry about Africans dont they have their own issues to sort out, after all you the highest consumers of chocolate !here in africa children work for a living no school s hospitals n jobs for the parents to feed the children so if working for themselves is a better option let them be.
It is really sad that these things go on. For heaven's sake, the little boy doesn't even know what cocoa is used for. It is a stark reality of the kind of world we live in. A lot of the world's children are in one form of slavery or the other. I think it is even worse in Africa where children are used as house helps, hawk stuff on the busy and dangerous roads and generally do all kinds of gut-wrenching jobs, either to contribute to the family upkeep or to survive themselves. It is really sad.
It is a shame the 45% of the world's cocoa is made in West Africa but how much chocolate is actually made there?
What Africa needs, not just with chocolate but with all their other minerals, oil and resources that we have is the chance to produce the value added goods in Africa. Instead of exporting cocoa, we should export chocolate. That would provide the money needed for farmers to hire real workers with proper wages and afford to be able to send their children to schools and/or not require child slaves. But the question is will the west drop their high tariffs despite continuously boasting about free trade?
Good Initiative! Chocolate child project. BIG QUESTION! TO WHOOSE ADVANTAGE? Great enough you said its being 10 years no results. you keep raising effects and leaving out the problem. you set up strong winds to blow up the marbles from the mountain top and make them settle in the valley. sooner or later you we have international experts on developement projects with thousands of dollars a month rushing down to the valleys and supplying them fruits rather than planting fruit trees, cutting the weeds from the sterms just to leave to grow wild another day. IF I HAVE ONE WORD FOR THIS CHOCOLATE CHILD STUFF, " HYPOCRIYSY"; the way i see you present the subject, it shows that you dont even have an understanding of the whole situation. go back and do some work to make it real.
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you dont think they could stop this if we want to... why dont we go there and liberate those children? The UN cant make these chocolate companies stop contracting labor? We know the problems, weve known Africa has been like this for how long? nothing ever changes? go there see if all the money we send goes to the people...or is it the same as cancer Charities... only 1% of that oney goes to cancer... it will never change as long as money is here, as long as laws protect companies instead of people, as long as companies are seen as people.... allways has allways will....
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They are treating these people wrong very, those people that are using the poor children just don't want to work for them selves and those parents that gave to the people. Why didnt they give that child to a family member who has a child or children?
It is interesting how CNN picks on the big chocolate companies miles away from the farmers that are actually causing the problem. Much the same way that CNN will attack the US and UK over some slavery issues while totally ignoring what is happening in the Gulf States and won’t say a word about the horrors that are occurring there. Well it may be because they have nice offices in some of these countries and are being played like a cheap harp by the players with the big money in those countries, the limo rides and the high class living status they receive there and many more perks. All CNN would have to do is look at what’s happening with 3rd country nationals in those countries where they have their nice offices and chauffer driven cars in their 3 to 6 thousand dollar a month villas and ask what the PRO’s and how employers are treating the housemaids, the shop personnel, the store employees and who companies make millions of the backs of very low paid workers who only make enough to barely house and feed themselves while trying to send money back to India, Pakistan, the Philippines and other countries. So it’s attack the US or UK and leave their money men alone in the Gulf. It’s enough to make you cry to see how these people are being treated in the Gulf and then watch CNN attack the countries (US and UK) that have brought more freedom to people across the world than any other country in the history of the world and sit back and keep their mouth shut about what’s happening right in their own back yard in the Gulf.
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