By John D. Sutter, CNN
(CNN) - On Sunday, CNN Digital released a special report called "Slavery's Last Stronghold." It focuses on current-day slavery in Mauritania, a West African country where an estimated 10% to 20% of people are enslaved. In 1981, Mauritania became the last country in the world to abolish slavery. It didn't make owning a person a crime until 2007.
Work on this story started 11 months ago, after we stumbled upon a few of those statistics. As part of  The CNN Freedom Project, a multi-year effort to report on modern slavery, we began talking with anti-slavery organizations and government workers who deal with Mauritania in hopes that we could get a sense of what life is like in this place where slavery is so shockingly common. Eventually we found SOS Slaves, an abolitionist group in Mauritania that was founded by a former slave owner and a man whose family was enslaved.
Think about that for a second: A slave and a slave owner came together to start an organization that is now trying to liberate people in a place where slavery is arguably more intractable and more common than anywhere else on Earth. It's such a powerful symbol of hope, cooperation and reconciliation. Of putting aside differences for the greater good.
We wanted to meet these men and tell their stories.
It wouldn't be easy. Mauritania doesn't allow foreign journalists to go to the country to report on slavery. We had to enter with permission to report another story and then conduct our research for this project covertly. A hired security guard accompanied videographer Edythe McNamee and me on the trip. A government minder was assigned to follow our team. We had to try to distract him while we conducted interviews; we'd been warned that if we were found talking with people about slavery we would be arrested or kicked out of the country.
All the while, we were driven by a specific goal: To help Mauritania eradicate slavery. Like other Freedom Project articles and videos that have been featured on this blog, on CNN.com and on television, this report aims to shine a spotlight on the horrors of modern-day slavery and to amplify the voices of slavery's victims. The goal isn't to shame Mauritania for being a vestige of old-world, descendent-based slavery. It's to start a conversation that could create change.
When we arrived in West Africa in December, we weren't sure what to expect. But, over the course of the 8-day journey, we fell in love with the country in a bizarre way. It's a place of agonizing beauty - one that's easy to love and hate in the same thought. It's frustrating. It's maddening. But it's worth caring about. Despite the brutal forms of slavery there - witness the story of the woman shown in the photo above who escaped only in 2010 - there's reason to believe Mauritania can improve.
For this Freedom Project challenge, we invite you to create a dish using fair trade chocolate. Get started! Fair-trade chocolate challenge
© 2012 Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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What?! I thought only White Devils enslaved people! You mean blacks enslave other blacks? And they've been doing it for 1000's of years? So slavery is really much more African than European? Whew! Man, do I feel better....
Food for thought: If this country enslaves their people & Our Country thinks its WRONG, why did They ADOPT the Practice?
Mankind was made in the image of God so that we could have fellowship with God in the paradise he created, just as Adam and Eve once did. The first sin changed the course of mankind and every generation since that time, became more corrupt because of those that choose to live a life of corruption and lawlessness by oppressing others. Oppression is of satan, and like him it has many forms and as many faces.
Okay, ernie, if you want to derail this discussion into your particular theology:
Why am -> I <- guilty of a sin committed by someone who died thousands of years before I was born?
Would you punish your children because their great-great-great-great-grandfather, who lived in a different country, spoke a different language, and never knew them or anyone who knew them, was a murderer? So why would a "loving father" do something like you claim?
Thank you Anonymous! Blathering about religion doesn't add anything to the conversation and reveals Ernie as an obsessed fanatic.
Ernie 28 you are a typical fundamentalist moron that does not know the bible you preach from. Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. You can will them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life. Leviticus25:44-46
If a man beats his male or female slave with a rod and the slave dies as a direct result, he must be punished, but he is not to be punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave is his property. Exodus21:20-21
If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as menservants do. Exodus 21:7
Ernie go educate yourself you moron The bible is more full of hate, genocide, abuse against women that every copy of that fairy tale ever printed needs to be burned. You fundamentalist are trying your damndest to make the rest of the world see things your way. Guess what, there are people who believe in science and reason not myths. Spirituality is for those seeking understanding. Religion is for thjose seeking reward.
Ernie 28 you are a typical fundamentalist moron that does not know the bible you preach from. Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. You can will them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life. Leviticus25:44-46
If a man beats his male or female slave with a rod and the slave dies as a direct result, he must be punished, but he is not to be punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave is his property. Exodus21:20-21
If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as menservants do. Exodus 21:7
Ernie go educate yourself you moron The bible is more full of hate, genocide, abuse against women that every copy of that fairy tale ever printed needs to be burned. You fundamentalist are trying your damndest to make the rest of the world see things your way. Guess what, there are people who believe in science and reason not myths. Spirituality is for those seeking understanding. Religion is for those seeking reward.
Let me guess, you skipped history class throughout high school?
Yes, Africans practiced slavery but differently than Europeans. African slavery did not demean people it was a way to work off a debt. Africans who enslaved other Africans did not treat them like skum it was simply a debt that was paid off by doing work such as attending to children or cleaning ones house.There was never violence within African slavery and they treated their slaves like people, respected them in that way unlike Europeans. Over time because of their greed Europeans made it into the degrading notion that you believe today.
Dignity? I don't think so.
@Oriona, where did you study history? My family via both mother and father's lines comes from region currently called Tanzania. All the history available to me there, and here in the U.S., showed me a violent ancient world where slaves all over Africa suffered. The occasional "kind" slave owner is never a good comparison to how other cultures handle slaves. Perhaps you should take up residence in a libary for a while and study African slavery's history. Goodness! You are so wrong in what you say!!
A slave is a slave is a slave. Africa has enslaved and sold people to be slaves more than any other continent in the world.
Or so you like to believe!!
If you heartily believe that white europeans trudged deep into africa, rounded up thousands of blacks, loaded them on ships and sailed for the new world. You're sadly mistaken. Europeans frequented the coasts where tribal factions were at war. Those prisoners of war were sold to europeans like cattle by blacks to empower blacks to kill more blacks. There was no "hey let this guy go when he pays off his debt". It was "this guy is from a rival tribe, you can have him in exchange for booze, goods, and weapons". The truth of the matter is that black africans enslaved/killed more black africans than anything ever done by "the white man". Europeans never had the manpower in africa to round up vast groups of people to capture them into slavery. It was mostly the work done by africans.
Um ... my friend, I think you need to study up on your history.
There was just as much violence in African slavery as there was in any other. Slavery is not a nice thing, and people, by and large, aren't very nice either. It's a fact of humanity that we treat the people around us - in our family, our neighborhood, our town - differently than we do other people. In many languages, the word for a particular tribe translates to "the people" ...meaning everyone else ISN'T people. The whole idea of everyone, not just the people you know personally, being worthy of equal respect is mostly a modern invention (even in Rome, a remarkably cosmopolitan culture for its time, there were Roman citizens and everyone else, and guess who were the people?)
African tribes raided other tribes for slaves. Then they started selling those slaves to Arab slave traders. Then they found a great market in European slave traders. But it was never about debt slavery (another matter entirely), and slaves were no more "people" than any other outsiders - not family, not relatives - were.
In the end, though, it's not about whose ancestors were worse than whose. There's plenty of blame to go around. It's not our ancestors who matter, but our descendants. What legacy are we leaving for THEM?
Your an idiot or liar or both.Africans are the most brutal of all peoples past and present...Who do you think built the pyramids ..debtors? What a fool
The Ancient Egyptians kept records of their yearly slave purchases from various Black African tribes. (And we all know how much dignity they were treated with there). This highlights the kidnappings which have characterized African slavery for eons. We're not talking about forms of indentured servitude which have existed in many societies, we're talking about slave trading....try reading some books and thinking and being honest...the truth will set you FREE! Don't be a lemming!
Please take some college level history courses, before you say something that makes no sense.
@bigbiz2: Actually, the Egyptian pyramids were built by farmers. During the Nile's annual floods, they couldn't work their land, since it was underwater at the time, so they were hired by the pharaoh to build the pyramids (and other things). The idea that the pyramids were built by slaves has been outdated for a very long time. They came from all over Egypt to work on building projects. So in addition to the year-round workforce, for four months of the year the pyramid builders had all the cheap labor they could possibly want - and that they didn't have to feed for the rest of the year, or when they weren't building anything at the time.
You're living in a fantasy here.
Oh my. Are you a white Moor from Mauritania? Please read on human trafficking. And let's all not miss the major point, at this time, that the trafficking and forced servitude in so much of the world proceeds directly from Islam. Saudi Arabia did not abolish slavery on paper until 1962, but conditions for their millions of guest workers are an exact parallel to those of the frankly enslaved in Mauritania and other places.
For you to make that comment shows that you are obviously extremely ignorant and I am sorry for you.
As if to say that because you've discovered that other ethnic groups practiced slavery, that for some reason that exonerates historic, and accurate blame on the WASP race that practiced slavery here in the US on black people? That's as dumb as saying that other people beat their wives too... So that means no one should come down on you for beating your wife? Pure stupidity at the least.
Your a idiot.."practiced slavery" Africa practices slavery present tense . ..and have for thousands of years ...continue to this day.. mutilating ..disfiguring,branding raping .
Slavery isn't "about" any one country or region. At some point in the past, pretty much every country, every people, has done it. Africans? Sure. Europeans? Sure. Native Americans? Sure. Any other group you name? Most likely. Look at ancient Greece for an example. Nice straw man you're setting up there ... but once you've kicked it over, what remains? Reality. The reality that slavery exists, and has existed, and needs to come to an end.
I should point out, while you're congratulating yourself for the astounding knowledge that people aside from your ancestors did horrible things (breaking news: Genghis Khan was a really bad guy!) that one type of slavery - a combination of deliberately setting out to capture slaves and transporting them for thousands of miles - does seem to be rather European-specific. Plenty of people bought slaves from their neighbors, enslaved defeated enemies, or even started wars just to get more, but the kind of organized slave-trading exemplified by ancient Rome was a whole different level.
So congratulations on making yourself look like a giant failure to all of CNN-land. I'm not sure I could fail that hard if I tried.
I thought that slavery in any part of the world was a thing of the past. The truth is slavery is wrong whether it is perpetrated by Europeans or Africans.
Everyone who listened in high school history class knows that Africans enslaved Africans; that does NOT excuse Europeans and Americans from doing the same thing. Slavery is WRONG no matter where, no matter when.
Your comment has to be one of the most ignorant comments I have ever seen... "You feel better" because Africans enslaved other Africans?? Slavery in ANY form by ANY race is UNACCEPTABLE. Because Africans enslaved each other does not give anyone else a pass to enslave them NOR does it make any race better than the other because they were not the first to do it.
By chance what tribe in Africa is keep my people in this land slaves?
Is this how slaves speak English?
You really don't see what will happen soon do you,because if you preferring to a man who knows his dam heritage dammit that me ,as for speaking dam English you better see what time it is because Edom will be back in chains,so prepare.
The tribe is called OULAD SABAH & OULAD SMASSIDE .
Very well know drogue dealer & smuggler
@NAB Thawadah for the info that confirm whom they are in general.They are Hamitic which is not of the Moors,but still yet this will all stop soon.But they also oppressed their own so no matter,Abba will deliver our people out that hell soon.
Thank you
Smug, flip, and insensitive. You wouldn't be so quick to be dismissive if it were you and your family that was enslaved, regardless of the color of the beasts who are the slaveholders. Shame on you.
You see... People still divide the world in Black and White, them and me.... What an idiot!
I think you need to look into this more carefully....the enslavers are Arab, who have always been at the heart of the slave trade, and the enslaved are black Africans. So yes, the devil is the same and the victims are too,
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Test
Fail. Read the story and try to be thoughtful
A Mus1im country, imagine that.
Read the story and try to be thoughtful
And you ARE being thoughtful and helpful by calling others' idiots ? Go write the word 'hypocrite' on your bathroom mirror.
There are many types of slavery- (mind, body, financial, food & soul) ; mindless, pathetic practices which remain prevalent today in various forms. It is unfortunate that this is still happening.after hundreds of years of evolution.
End Slavery for All People In All Countries
Hey, you used to write great, but the last several posts have been kinda binorg… I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a little out of track! come on! Partake of some of life's sweet pleasures. And yes, get comfortable with yourself. by Oprah Winfrey.
Are you saying you illegally created that report ("We had to enter with permission to report another story and then conduct our research for this project covertly.") And you brag about it?
Oh God, they broke Mauritanian laws. Someone call the UN.
The Founding Fathers illegally created the USA. Treason, y'know. I do hope you don't suggest forgetting all about that "Fourth of July" thing because, y'know, that's bragging about it.
Your focus on how the story was obtained rather than the horror of the story reveals your ignorance and lack of empathy.
What was right thing to do,by any means necessary to show the world the Mauritanian state cover up.
Job well done
The atrocities of human trafficing, rape, slavery, torture, etc. in Africa go on daily and expotentially. The U.S. media and politicians seem to downplay this, and instead make it sound like what's going on in the Middle East is so much worse. With due respect to the Middle East, what's going on there IS horrible, but the majority of humanitarian aide, weapons, infrastructure aide, and healthcare assistance is being funneled there instead of where it's needed the most. U.S. politicians- quit pretending we're such humanitarians- without oil as an incentive, other countries in dire need are left in the dust. Kudos to George Clooney, who was just arrested for protesting this very thing!
"White guilt" invented by the left and the black poverty p imps have converted the manufacture of white guilt into "civil rights" into white gold..100 trillion dollars spendt so far
Great insight. A single drunken infantry brigade could have stopped the horror in the Sudan years ago with pick-trucks and .22s. But we've allowed the racially, ethnically and religiously motivated genocide that Colin Powell pretended to detest go on. Not enough oil in it to bother with, and breaking hard on the Arabs would've irritated our wonderful Saudi allies.
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When workers have absolutely no rights in a country and receive no relief from the courts, they are basically slaves. America, a such, is the largest slave trading country in the history of the world, where the master to slave ratio is a clear 99 to 1.
I disagree. As an low hourly wage employee for a "big evil financial company", I feel the farthest thing from a slave. They are helping me with loans, i get some good benefits, my hours are flexible, my boss is constantly telling me not to strain myself and to take breaks if things get hectic, and I get an hour (or more) for lunch. I just make sure my duties are done by the end of the week. Even though I make less than 30,000 a year (safely in the 99%) I feel like i got a pretty good deal. Now these people live in shabby tents, are raped, are told that they are less than human, are made to stand outside all night with their teeth chattering so their "masters" dont get a little wet. I think there is no comparison and you are an ignorant parrot if you think there is.
It is nice to hear you are happy with what you have. I do not fully agree with byrd but there is financial slavery in the US and other parts of the world.
16a12635100You can definitely see your slliks within the paintings you write. The sector hopes for even more passionate writers such as you who aren't afraid to say how they believe. At all times follow your heart. 18d
If you are going to bring up mathematical concepts like "ratio," try to get them right side up.
This form of slavery is legalized financial slavery and this is happening all over the world. I do not agree to compare this to be as bad as direct physical slavery like I have endured as a child. They are influenced by each other but they are not the same unless you are working like a financial slave in the worst of conditions.
Hey wait a minute!!! I thought slavery was "Americas Shame" I thought that whIte people were the ones that invented slavery !!!Oh man.. how ae we gonna get our 40 acres and a mule now...
If that's what you thought, you're sadly lacking in basic facts. Anyone with even a basic education should know more than that.
@David,The bottom line is they will never tell the truth,they rather tell lies to create the great Race storm.pure madness.
I am white and I was sold as a slave through arabian muslim nations. I find your comment a waste of space on this commentpage.
@Veronique Most of these so called educated idiots have never pick up a book nor care to,they rather follow the same bull day after day.If they read books like The Empire of Moors that was when White slavery was at it peak,also to add if most them look in scripture it tells you why Israel is under the foot of the so called Whites today and why The Most High places The True Israelites in slavery.
Amazing how the guilt ridden European American feels a need to defend their slave master history. If this didnt apply to something you feel guilt for deep in your heart, this would be just an interesting yet story, not some get out jail free card. European American based slavery is in no way somehow less disgusting and horrific. Half the people who state that others go the library are equally as clueless and ignorant. Just because my neighbor commits a crime doesn't justify my crime. Own your history and try to do better than your forefathers. No other race in the word has ever sailed the world leaving disease, pillaging the resources and raping the citizens. No one is letting you off the hook. Too late, deal with it.
You missed the point–or made one up, really. Yes, we should ALL feel regret (not guilt) for our ancestors' roles in slave trading, because it is an awful thing. But you never hear Blacks or the White PC media ever mention the huge responsibility Black Africans must bear for it. It's ridiculously slanted....and, uh, by the way, at least we stopped.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but isn't this whole story about slavery in an African country?
Slavery is as old as man perhaps older. There are insects who enslave other insects..no contenent or culture is immune. If one tribe fought another what do you think was done to the prisoners.
What an illuminating article done with great care and certainly great risks! I commend you for taking up this project. For most of the buffoons who have made comments here, it seems there are missing the point. It does not matter what the history was or is but what will it BE! It is a shame that slavery still exists anywhere in the world. What this article brings out that the mental shackles of slavery are worse than its physical shackles and a hard one to uproot. I think we should be discussing what we can do as individuals to end this in a forsaken place like Mauritiana rather than make legalistic comments and bicker at each other which is such a waste of time.
The women whose story is highlighted should be an inspiration and motivation to all. When she broke her mental shackles and decided to do something about it, is when the change happened. Let us figure out how to support her and many like her who are still in the shadows.
Hear, hear!
I would like to see everyone here making snarky comments endure for JUST ONE DAY what this woman and her daughter did. You are all a bunch of sanctimonious d*irt*bags with a computer keyboard – NOTHING MORE.
It may be that humans have enslaved each other for 1000s of years and that human suffering will never be completely gone from the face of the earth. But I say: NOT BY MY HAND!
Stand up and make a difference in your world!
I am NOT surprised that CNN ignores that ALL and I MEAN ALLLL of the countries that still allow a person to OWN another person are Islamic States.
CNN=Crescent News Network
Fun fact: Before Tibet was taken over (re: liberated) in the 1960s, they also practiced slavery and the lamas used extremist religious ideals to keep control over their people. Any religion can be used to control people.
Ignores it? How? It wasn't exactly hiding that detail in this article.
Go grind your axe elsewhere, this is actually a serious issue, something you're clearly incapable of understanding.
Dopes anyone really care abvout Africa any more?
Africa? It may surprise you to learn that some still care about "people". Where they are is irrelevant.
Slavery is bad. But it's everywhere in different forms.
I would want all participants to be more thoughtful in their comments because the whole idea behind this is to make the world aware that the Mauritanian Goverment and it's political system view other ethnic groups as slaves to them whether the country abolished Salvery or not it should be noted that there are no equal rights between white Maures and Blacks the article shows a glimse of problems that exists in Mauritania regarding Race Get involved and visit http://www.mjem.org to learn more about the country and the it's history.
I would like a VOLUPTUOUS slave that can cook real good and love to make babies. Mauritania is it?
Tool. Dull, useless tool
I'm sorry to say there is really no such thing as justice. You can only take your pain and lock it down. All are slaves in one way or another.
A system exists now by which Arab Muslims - the bidanes—own black slaves, the haratines. An estimated 90,000 Mauritanians remain essentially enslaved. The ruling bidanes (the name means literally white-skinned people) are descendants of the Sanhaja Berbers and Beni Hassan Arab tribes who emigrated to northwest Africa and present-day Western Sahara and Mauritania during the Middle Ages.
GUESS WHAT! Everyone has a Great Grandmother, relatively related to slavery.
The correct way to abolish slavery is to kill slavers. If someone tries to enslave you, shoot him dead. It is self-defense. It is normal, natural, healthy, and good, to kill such slime.
It is them or you!
I find myself unable to disagree with this.
Doesn't the Muslim countries today enslave women? They just had the other day that a rapist can marry his victim and avoid prosecution in doing so and there parents sell them off to do so they don't lose face in the community. Is that not worse than slavery? Why no reports to tell how terrible Muslim Sharia law is? Oh I forgot, we are not allowed to talk about that or they might get angry.
In North Africa, the main slave markets were in Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli and Cairo. Sales were held in public places or in souks. Potential buyers made a careful examination of the "merchandise": they checked the state of health of a person who was often standing naked with wrists bound together.
Not allowed? Some of us regularly discuss the stupidity that is allowed/endorsed/encouraged by religion and inflicted on others regularly.
Don't forget that slavery existed (and probably still exists) in the arab countries. Vikktor676 mentions the North African slave centres. There has also been slave centres in Saudia Arabia, Yemen and other countries around there. There are pictures of slave auctions in the late 20th century of slaves taken in east africa brought to the west by intrepid reporters. The refugees in Somalia are particularly vulnerable to slavers as they tramp across the country looking for assistance.
Will we now hear the prime ministers of countries like Antigua and St Vincentian who, in speeches at the UN last year, demand reparations for injustices suffered by African slaves and their descendants, whose legacy has slowed their advancement as people and nations, take the lead and show their sincerity on this issue by publicly calling on the Mauritanian government to totally abolish slavery and pay reparations to the families of those enslaved in Mauritania over the past 100 years?
CNN did a decent job on this but was inaccurate to say "slavery's last stronghold." This entire region, called the Sahel, has the exact same problem. These countries are along the line between the North African Arab and Berber tribes, and the South African Black tribes. In EVERY one of these countries Arabs own blacks. Google "slavery in" then type in any of the Sahel countries (Sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali, Western Sahara, Mauritania). Arabs own blacks in ALL of these so to say Mauritania is the LAST is false.
Sudan literally means "land of the blacks" and was the main source of black slaves to the middle east until the 1960's when Western countries forced the Saudis and others to abandon chattel slavery. Sad that this still happens but it does because the world ignored these border countries.
They did not abandon chattel slavery but have replaced the biggest income of slaves to come from the indian and bengali region where there are a lot of powerfull people willing to help directly or to be ignorant for a share in the financial profit or extra-legal benefits such as more rights then other people in everything in life.
Yes Veronique, I've heard that. They use "maids" from the Phillipines and Indonesia as well to come and work in their homes but after many months of not being payed these women realize their passports are gone and they don't know the local language. They are abused as well. I guess I was just talking about direct, I'm your master you're my slave, type thing when they were taking blacks from their homes and bringing them to the Middle East. I suppose what they are doing now is not to much different though when it comes down to it.
David you ignore a very big point. In Sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali etc the Slave traders are largely of Black decent themselves.
Well even if they look black to you, they consider themselves Arabs. Northern Sudanese along with the "white" Moors, are descendants of the Arabs but they have interbred through having black concubines for so long that they are not always much lighter than the "blacks" they enslave. That is not important to me though. It is still racist based slavery no matter what they look like to you.
You know what you white sickos think we gave yall hell when we was selling you to the dam Arabs and now you will be sold to China also and Russia,so laugh on that SLAP NUTS.
Not much of a difference between slavery, indentured servitude & minimum wage. . . Slavery by degrees.
Dumbest comment on this board. Congratulations!
Slavery is modified in africa, not abolished. Example: In Nigeria, unemployment has been used as a tool to promote it.
different forms/different guises. simply because u pass a law forbidding doesnt release u of complicity if u dont actively prevent/abolish/curtail. unreal. glass crack pipes throwing stones.
lmao.....last stronghold???? seriously??? we have more slaves in the usa than they have there. only they dont deny it. a pimp that claims to be a pimp......is a pimp. a pimp that denies being a pimp.........is a scourge.lol. im done.
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Tis is a very interesting story. I learned a lot of lessons. Everybody should contribute to change the realitiesin Africa and elsewhere. Africa Union should also do a lot. Thanks!
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It’s really sad to know we still have countries in world enslaving their own neighbors. That is very sad indeed. People that were equally created by God with no change to decide their own lives, no change to express themselves, I am with you too. We have to abolish slavery no matter how high will be the cost.
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